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Compare Malawi (2001) - Spratly Islands (2002)

Compare Malawi (2001) z Spratly Islands (2002)

 Malawi (2001)Spratly Islands (2002)
 MalawiSpratly Islands
Administrative divisions 24 districts; Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Lilongwe, Machinga (Kasupe), Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba; note - there may be three new districts named Balaka, Likoma, and Phalombe -
Age structure 0-14 years:
44.43% (male 2,348,940; female 2,337,290)

15-64 years:
52.78% (male 2,741,622; female 2,825,966)

65 years and over:
2.79% (male 119,283; female 175,149) (2001 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava (tapioca), sorghum, pulses; cattle, goats -
Airports 44 (2000 est.) 4 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
6

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
4 (2000 est.)		 total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
38

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
14

under 914 m:
23 (2000 est.)		 total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area total:
118,480 sq km

land:
94,080 sq km

water:
24,400 sq km		 total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Pennsylvania NA
Background Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule, the country held multiparty elections in 1994 under a provisional constitution, which took full effect the following year. National multiparty elections were held again in 1999. This archipelago - surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits - is claimed in its entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. All five parties occupy certain islands or reefs.
Birth rate 37.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Budget revenues:
$490 million

expenditures:
$523 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY99/00 est.)		 -
Capital Lilongwe -
Climate sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November) tropical
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 926 km
Constitution 18 May 1994 -
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Malawi

conventional short form:
Malawi

former:
British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands
Currency Malawian kwacha (MWK) -
Death rate 22.81 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Debt - external $2.9 billion (2000 est.) -
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Roger A. MEECE

embassy:
Area 40, Plot 24, Kenyatta Road

mailing address:
P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi

telephone:
[265] 773 166

FAX:
[265] 770 471		 -
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Paul Tony Steven KANDIERO

chancery:
2408 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 797-1007		 -
Disputes - international dispute with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands, but has not publicly claimed the island; in 2000, China joined ASEAN discussions towards creating a South China Sea "code of conduct" - a non-legally binding confidence building measure
Economic aid - recipient $427 million (1999) -
Economy - overview Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural, with about 90% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for 37% of GDP and 85% of export revenues. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In late 2000, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. The government faces strong challenges, e.g., to fully develop a market economy, to improve educational facilities, to face up to environmental problems, and to deal with the rapidly growing problem of HIV/AIDS. Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored, and there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed.
Electricity - consumption 950 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 3 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 1.025 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
2.44%

hydro:
97.56%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m

highest point:
Sapitwa 3,002 m		 lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea		 -
Ethnic groups Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuko, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European -
Exchange rates Malawian kwachas per US dollar - 80.0946 (December 2000), 59.5438 (2000), 44.0881 (1999), 31.0727 (1998), 16.4442 (1997), 15.3085 (1996) -
Executive branch chief of state:
President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
36-member Cabinet named by the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
Bakili MULUZI reelected president; percent of vote - Bakili MULUZI (UDF) 51.4%, Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA (MCP-AFORD) 44.3%		 -
Exports $416 million (f.o.b., 2000) -
Exports - commodities tobacco, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products -
Exports - partners South Africa 16%, Germany 16%, US 15%, Netherlands 7%, Japan (1999) -
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June -
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band -
GDP purchasing power parity - $9.4 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
37%

industry:
29%

services:
34% (1998 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $900 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2000 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 13 30 S, 34 00 E 8 38 N, 111 55 E
Geography - note landlocked strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs
Highways total:
16,451 km

paved:
3,126 km

unpaved:
13,325 km (1997)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $435 million (f.o.b., 2000) -
Imports - commodities food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment -
Imports - partners South Africa 43%, Zimbabwe 14%, UK 5%, Germany 5%, Zambia, Japan, US (1999) -
Independence 6 July 1964 (from UK) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods -
Infant mortality rate 121.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 29.5% (2000) -
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 8 (2001) -
Irrigated land 280 sq km (1993 est.) 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts -
Labor force 3.5 million -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 86% (1997 est.) -
Land boundaries total:
2,881 km

border countries:
Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km		 0 km
Land use arable land:
34%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
20%

forests and woodland:
39%

other:
7% (1993 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages important regionally -
Legal system based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction -
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - UDF 48%, MCP 34%, AFORD 15%, others 3%; seats by party - UDF 94, MCP 66, AFORD 29, others 4		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
37.08 years

male:
36.61 years

female:
37.55 years (2001 est.)		 -
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
58%

male:
72.8%

female:
43.4% (1999 est.)		 -
Location Southern Africa, east of Zambia Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines
Map references Africa Southeast Asia
Maritime claims none (landlocked) NA
Military - note - Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam
Military branches Army (includes Air Wing and Naval Detachment), Police (includes paramilitary Mobile Force Unit) -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $9.5 million (FY00/01) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.76% (FY00/01) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,466,708 (2001 est.)		 -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,265,893 (2001 est.)		 -
National holiday Independence Day, 6 July (1964) -
Nationality noun:
Malawian(s)

adjective:
Malawian		 -
Natural hazards NA typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals
Natural resources limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA, president]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [Gwanda CHAKUAMBA, president, John TEMBO, vice president]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA, president]; National Independence Party; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Eston KAKHOME, president]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Bakili MULUZI] - governing party -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 10,548,250

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)		 no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 54% (FY90/91 est.) -
Population growth rate 1.5% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 9, FM 4 (plus 15 repeater stations), shortwave 3 (1998) -
Radios 2.6 million (1997) -
Railways total:
789 km

narrow gauge:
789 km 1.067-m gauge		 -
Religions Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.68 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
fair system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 37,000 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 7,000 (1997) -
Television broadcast stations 1 (1999) -
Terrain narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains flat
Total fertility rate 5.18 children born/woman (2001 est.) -
Unemployment rate NA% -
Waterways 144 km

note:
on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire Riverall		 none
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